Qualoo Whitepaper
  • Qualoo Whitepaper: Overview
  • Introduction
    • Internet landscape
      • Trends in telecommunications industry driving need for change
      • Current industry benchmarking is not fit for purpose.
      • Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of experience (QoE)
      • Current challenges in the telecommunications / internet industry
        • No single ISP possesses enough high-quality data on internet performance
        • Data sharing within the industry is not a common practice
        • ISPs encounter difficulties in accessing and utilizing data within their own organizations
        • End users typically have limited visibility into internet performance
      • What happens when a user browses the internet?
      • What are the key components of internet infrastructure?
      • What does an Internet Service Provider (ISP) network look like?
      • How do ISPs monitor their networks?
  • Qualoo work supporting ASEAN Digital Masterplan
  • Design Principles for Qualoo
  • How Qualoo works
    • Overview
    • Decentralized Physical Test Network
      • Test Nodes
      • Standard testing process
      • Custom testing process
      • Connectivity test types
    • Analytics Platform
  • Product Offering
    • Client Data and Insights Platform (B2B)
    • Node Types
    • Qualoo Consumer Features
    • Clients Segments: Definitions and Use Cases
    • Target State
  • Qualoo Economy
    • Qualoo Economy Design Principles
    • Key economic activities
    • QXT Token Utility
    • Test Rewards Design
    • Token Allocation
    • Token Circulation
  • Blockchain
    • Interactions with Blockchain
    • Rationale for using blockchain
  • Qualoo Foundation
  • Qualoo Green Impact Sustainability & Environment
  • The Future
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  1. Introduction
  2. Internet landscape

What does an Internet Service Provider (ISP) network look like?

PreviousWhat are the key components of internet infrastructure?NextHow do ISPs monitor their networks?

Last updated 1 year ago

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One can envision a country's internet network as a system of tree roots. The central roots are thicker and as we move away from the center, the roots become more distributed and thinner. In this analogy, the central points are where large Internet Service Providers (ISPs) establish international connections. In a medium-sized country, only a few ISPs may have these international connections, meaning all the country's network traffic must pass through a limited number of routers to leave the country.

Smaller ISPs would connect to these larger ones to direct traffic internationally, most likely via an Internet Exchange Point (IXP). These connection points form what is known as the Core Network, which in a small to medium country, would likely be located in a single city.

SPs extend their Access Network to provide internet services to their customer base across the regions they cover, which could be an entire country or specific provinces/states. The Access Network is where ISPs install their cell towers to deliver 3G/4G/5G services to mobile phone users. For fixed broadband end users, connection to the Access Network is facilitated through Points of Presence (PoPs).

Illustration of ISP Network Design